As a result, data collected since about 1980 suggests that the statistical divide between humid and arid has now shifted closer to the 98th meridian, some 140 miles east.

It's free to use and each article or document can be downloaded. “All else being constant,” Seager says, as the effective 100th meridian encroaches eastward, farmers will likely shift from corn to wheat, or other less water-intensive crops, as corn yields decrease and become less profitable. “Did the changing environmental conditions going across the 100th meridian cause the change in population density and use of the land?” Seager asks. Either way, this tends to push western aridity eastward.

Western political leaders hated the idea—they feared this might limit development, and their own power—and it never went anywhere. Farms are fewer, but bigger, reflecting the economics of less water and thus lower productivity. It's a tool, resource or reference for study, research, education, learning or teaching, that can be used by teachers, educators, pupils or students; In 1890, Powell wrote, “Passing from east to west across this belt a wonderful transformation is observed. They estimated potential evapotranspiration — the amount of water the atmosphere could potentially extract from the surface — from the land based on temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and relative humidity. “That made me think,” he says, “that the arid-humid divide was reflected in the social and economic realm.” But how did this come about? But he is confident that aridity will perceptibly move eastward during the 21st century, and eventually effect large-scale changes.Seager predicts that as drying progresses, farms further and further east will have to consolidate and become larger in order to remain viable. The land grabs of the westward expansion allowed sections to be held, not acres. Running south to north, the meridian cuts through eastern Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas, and the Canadian province of Manitoba on its way to the pole. "At the Hundredth Meridian" is a song by Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip.Bathurst Island is one of the Queen Elizabeth Islands in Nunavut, Canada.The Berkeley Islands (or Berkeley Group) are an uninhabited island group in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of northern Canada's territory of Nunavut.Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza (Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.Cozad is a city in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States.Dodge City is the county seat of Ford County, Kansas, United States, named after nearby Fort Dodge.Ellef Ringnes Island is one of the Sverdrup Islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada.The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the "Overland Route") was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.Gateshead Island is an island located in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada.A great circle, also known as an orthodrome, of a sphere is the intersection of the sphere and a plane that passes through the center point of the sphere.The Great Plains (sometimes simply "the Plains") is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe, and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie in the United States and east of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. and Canada.Guanajuato, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato (Estado Libre y Soberano de Guanajuato), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, are the 32 Federal entities of Mexico.Guerrero (Spanish for "warrior"), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero (Estado Libre y Soberano de Guerrero), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.Hat Island is a small (about 4 × 8 km) uninhabited island located in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada.A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.John Wesley "Wes" Powell (March 24, 1834 – September 23, 1902) was a U.S. soldier, geologist, explorer of the American West, professor at Illinois Wesleyan University, and director of major scientific and cultural institutions.Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.Larsen Sound is an Arctic waterway in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada.The Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States of America.Longitude, is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.M'Clintock Channel (also spelled McClintock Channel) is located in the territory of Nunavut, Canada.Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada.Meighen Island is an uninhabited member of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada.Nebraska is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States.The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.North Dakota is a U.S. state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States.The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.Nuevo León, or New Leon, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León (Estado Libre y Soberano de Nuevo León), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.Nunavut (Inuktitut syllabics ᓄᓇᕗᑦ) is the newest, largest, and northernmost territory of Canada.Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.The Oregon Trail is a historic East–West, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.The Parry Channel is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago.The Peary Channel is a waterway in the territory of Nunavut.The Pony Express was a mail service delivering messages, newspapers, and mail.A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°.One of the larger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Prince of Wales Island (Île du Prince-de-Galles) is an Arctic island in Nunavut, Canada, lying between Victoria Island and Somerset Island and south of the Queen Elizabeth Islands.Queen Maud Gulf lies between the northern coast of the mainland and the southeastern corner of Victoria Island in Nunavut, Canada.Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro (Estado Libre y Soberano de Querétaro, formally Querétaro de Arteaga), is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico.Rain follows the plow is the conventional name for a now-discredited theory of climatology that was popular throughout the American West and Australia during the late 19th century.The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major river in the southern United States of America.

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